(Study Material) Botany Study Material For AIPMT and State PMT Examination (Genetics Part-I)
Study Material : Botany Study Material For AIPMT and State PMT Examination (Genetics Part-I)
DNA replication, transcription and translation.
In very general terms, what does a chromosome contain?
• Information, genetic information to carry out the characteristics of life --
precise self replication, ability to exchange energy with the environment, etc.
In very general terms, what are the two related functions of DNA?
• Information storage
o DNA replication
• Information transfer
o DNA transcribed into RNA
o DNA's function in information transfer
What is the Central Dogma associated with information storage and
retrieval?
• Central Dogma:
DNA-->RNA-->unfolded protein-->native, folded protein
What are the three processes of the central dogma?
How does DNA function as an information molecule?
• replication, DNA --> DNA
• transcription, DNA --> RNA
• translation, RNA --> unfolded protein --> folded protein
In terms of molecular conformation, what occurs through the central
dogma?
• Translation of linear information, a sequence of nucleotides, into 3-D
information, the structure of a protein.
What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
• base composition: RNA = AGCU, DNA = AGCT
• carbohydrate: RNA = ribose, DNA = deoxyribose
• structure: RNA = single stranded, DNA = double helix
RNA
o usually single stranded
o linear polymer of ribonucleotides.
o Some secondary and tertiary structure but often ill-defined.
What are the different types of RNA?
What are the functions of the different types of RNA?
• messenger RNA = mRNA, information transfer
• transfer RNA = tRNA, information transfer
• ribosomal RNA = rRNA, structural
• small nuclear RNA = snRNA, ribozymes, RNA processing.
What is replication?
Transfer of genetic information from one generation to the next.
DNA-directed DNA synthesis: replication of the genome.
What is the structural basis for the precise duplication of the genome?
• The Watson-Crick structure of DNA: the strands are complementary, the
nucleotide sequence in one automatically specifies the other.
• The enzyme, DNA polymerase III, is very accurate: it has proof reading
capabilities.
Is replication conservative or semi-conservative? What does that mean?
• Is the parental genome of double stranded DNA fully conserved in the
parental cell or is it split equally (semi-conserved) between two daughter
cells?
Replication is semi-conservative.
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