(Study Material) Botany Study Material For AIPMT and State PMT Examination (Horticulture)
Study Material : Botany Study Material For AIPMT and State PMT Examination (Horticulture)
Horticulture is the art and science of the cultivation of plants.
Horticulturists work and conduct research in the fields of plant propagation and
cultivation, crop production, plant breeding and genetic engineering, plant
biochemistry, and plant physiology. The work particularly involves fruits,
berries, nuts, vegetables, flowers, trees, shrubs, and turf. Horticulturalists
work to improve crop yield, quality, nutritional value, and resistance to
insects, diseases, and environmental stresses.
The study of horticulture
Horticulture involves six areas of study, which can be grouped into two broad
sections - ornamentals and edibles:
* Arboriculture the study and selection, planting, care, and removal of
individual trees, shrubs, vines, and other perennial woody plants.
* Floriculture (includes production and marketing of floral crops),
* Landscape horticulture (includes production, marketing and maintenance of
landscape plants).
* Olericulture (includes production and marketing of vegetables).
* Pomology (includes production and marketing of fruits)
* Postharvest physiology (involves maintaining quality and preventing spoilage
of horticultural crops).
Horticulturists can work in industry, government or educational institutions or
private collections. They can be cropping systems engineers, wholesale or retail
business managers, propagators and tissue culture specialists (fruits,
vegetables, ornamentals, and turf), crop inspectors, crop production advisers,
extension specialists, plant breeders, research scientists, and of course,
teachers.
Disciplines which complement horticulture include biology, botany, entomology,
chemistry, mathematics, genetics, physiology, statistics, computer science, and
communications, garden design, planting design. Plant science and horticulture
courses include: plant materials, plant propagation, tissue culture, crop
production, post-harvest handling, plant breeding, pollination management, crop
nutrition, entomology, plant pathology, economics, and business. Some careers in
horticultural science require a masters (MS) or doctoral (PhD) degree.
Horticulture is practised in many gardens, "plant growth centres" and
nurseries. Activities in nurseries range from preparing seeds and cuttings to
growing fully mature plants. These are often sold or transferred to ornamental
gardens or market gardens.
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