Syllabus of Jamia Hamdard Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharmacy) - Ist Year - BPH06 Pharmaceutical Biology

PHARMACOGNOSY I
PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY (THEORY)
Total Teaching Hours: 50

1. Introductory Pharmacognosy

Historical development, modern concept and scope of Pharmacognosy. Significance of Pharmacognosy in various systems of medicine viz; Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathic, Siddha and Allopathic systems practiced in India.

2. Classification of crude drugs

Based on alphabetical, morphological, pharmacological, chemical and taxonomical methods, official And unofficial drugs, organized and unorganized drugs.

3. Definition of drug

Sources of crude drugs viz; Herbs, Animals, inorganic matter, plant tissue culture and marine sources. Role of herbal drugs in national economy.

4. Cultivation of herbal drugs.

Factors influencing variability in drug activity, type of soils, fertilizers, plant hormones and their applications, polyploidy, mutation and hybridization in medicinal plants.

5. Production Factors

Factors involved in the preparation of herbal drugs for market from cultivated and wild sources including collection, drying, storage and transport methods.

6. Study of morphological and histological characters of crude drugs

Ergastic cell inclusions, anatomical structures of bark, fruits, seeds and monocot and dicot stems, leaves and roots.

7. Phytoconstituents of medicinal importance

Introduction, classification and chemical tests of: Carbohydrates, polysaccharides, mono-, di- and triterpenes, steroids, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, carotenoides, alkaloids, iridoides and amino acids.

8. Principles of plant classification

Diagnostic features and medicinal significance of important plants with special reference to:
i) Algae: Rhodophyceae (Agar, Alginic acid, Diatoms, Carrageenan and Cetraria).
ii) Fungi: Eumycetes (Ergot, Yeast, Mushrooms, Antibiotics, and Lycopodium). iii) Gymnosperm: Pinaceae (Turpentine, Colophony), Gnetaceae (Ephedra).
iv) Angiosperm: Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae, Lamiaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Solanaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Apiaceae, Leguminosae (Caesalpinaceae, Mimosaceae, Papilionaceae), Papaveraceae, Acanthaceae and Euphorbiaceae.
v) Pteridophytes: Male fern.

9. Techniques in microscopy Details of mountants, clearing agents, chemomicroscopic reagents.

PRACTICAL
Total Hours: 75

1. Microscopic preparation. Staining and surface preparation.

2. Microscopical studies of basic tissues, bark, stem (Dicot, Monocot), Root (Dicot, Monocot), seed, leaf, fruits, trichomes, stomata, calcium oxalate crystals, starch, phloem fibres.

3. General chemical tests for alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, resins and proteins.

4. Study of diagnostic characters of families mentioned in the theory.

Books Recommended:
1. T.E. Wallis: Textbook of Pharmacognosy C.B.S. Publishers, Delhi.
2. AC. Dutta: Botany for Degree students, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
3. Mohd. Ali: Text Book of Pharmacognosy, CBS, New Delhi.
4. P.K. Mukherjee: Quality Control of Herbal Drugs
5. C.K. Kokate, A.P. Purohit and S.B. Gokhle: Pharmacognosy
6. Jean Brunet: Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants
7. V.E., Tylor, L.R. Brady and S.B., Robbers: Pharmacognosy, K.M. Varghese Co. Bombay.
8. J.B. Harborne: Phytochemical Methods, Chapman and Halls, London.

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